Graves disease is the most common kind of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. "Certain types of chemotherapy, not all types, can decrease the immune system, making you more immunodeficient," explained Sheldon. "If you have an immunocompromised condition, you already have that stress and you're worried about yourself in this, and then we have this pandemic anxiety that's everywhere. Some signs that you may be immunocompromised include: Many factors can impact your immune system, including environmental factors and your behavior. Another theory is that infection by a virus or bacterium triggers the response. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Celiac disease, which can lead to iron deficiency. The immune system wrongly enlists disease-fighting agents that damage cells and lead to cell death. All rights reserved. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which The most common initial treatment for thyroid cancer is surgery to remove the thyroid tumor. It can cause life threatening heart conditions, such as stroke. Even taking them with orange juice or coffee can interfere with thyroid supplement absorption, she says. During a critical respiratory illness, especially when a ventilator (breathing machine) is required, a patient may not be able to take medications by mouth. Hyperthyrotoxicosis has also been reported in COVID-19 patients. Is it safe to get a vaccine if you have a weakened immune system? The adverse effects of psychological stress on immunoregulatory balance: applications to human inflammatory diseases, Dairy Products and Inflammation: A Review of the Clinical Evidence. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Therefore, when Hashimoto's disease and hypothyroidism are left untreated, many complications can occur. Both Sheldon and Newman stressed that patients being treated for chronic illnesses need to stay on their medication and call their health care provider to find out if their treatment could suppress their immune system. Everyone should continue to practice the recommended hand hygiene and social distancing recommendations to avoid COVID-19 infection. "We want to make sure that we're building in the things that are fun in our lives and leaning on the people we know make us happy. (2016). Weyand C, et al. What are common symptoms of autoimmune disease? WebHashimotos disease is an autoimmune disorder that can cause hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid. This is expected considering that upwards of 50% of subacute thyroiditis patients show signs of overt thyrotoxicosis. Youve gained weight. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) generally states that people who are undergoing cancer treatment meet the definition of being immunocompromised. Could it be Hashimotos thyroiditis? In the second video, Dr. Blazer answers questions from people with lupus about the COVID-19 vaccines. Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. Other, less common, causes of hypothyroidism include:. A Guide for High-Risk Individuals, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, at-risk populations as defined by the CDC, 24 million Americans have an autoimmune disease, The American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, Don't Postpone These Types of Preventive Care Due to Coronavirus , 5 Reasons to Wear a Mask Even After You're Vaccinated | Kaiser , 5 Reasons to Wear a Mask Even After Youre Vaccinated - HealthyWomen , What does it mean to be immunocompromised? Saving Lives, Protecting People, Given new evidence on the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, CDC has updated the, The White House announced that vaccines will be required for international travelers coming into the United States, with an effective date of November 8, 2021. These strategies can help support your immune system. Can people who are immunocompromised do anything to improve their immunity? Jaimie has been a journalist and writer for more than 25 years and has lived and worked all over the world. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102649. Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. However, thyroid surgery would be essential and should be performed more urgently for patients with symptoms due to the size of the thyroid tumor, such as difficulty breathing or swallowing, cancers that are invading other parts of the neck, or if the biopsy showed aggressive forms of thyroid cancer, including anaplastic thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer. (2021). Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Your Immune System. This information is intended for a general audience. Patient-advocate Hayden is also doing all she can to educate the public about the severity of this situation and trying to equip people with facts. I'm getting plenty of rest. "Some people require for various illnesses, chronic steroids, and if the steroids are high dose, that will also suppress the immune system." Is Lupus Caused by Genetics or Environmental Exposure? CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Other hormones and proteins also come into play. Aging of the immune system. Liu J, et al. The peak of publication frequency occurred in August 2020, when there were 4,309 COVID-19 related publications in just one week. Mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Review/update the Some people who are immunocompromised (have a weakened immune system) are more likely to get sick with COVID-19 or be sick for a longer period. Hashimotos is an autoimmune condition that can strike at any age, but is most often diagnosed between ages 40 and 60, says endocrinologist Mary Vouyiouklis-Kellis, MD. Overweight (defined as a body mass index(BMI) is 25 kg/m2or higher, but under 30 kg/m2), obesity (BMI is 30 kg/m2or higher, but under 40 kg/m2), or severe obesity (BMI is 40 kg/m2 or higher), can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. Do autoimmune conditions cause a weakened immune system? Because of the current COVID-19 pandemic, many surgeries that were scheduled for thyroid cancer have had to be delayed, raising concerns about receiving timely care for thyroid cancer. If youre taking levothyroxine and begin to experience the symptoms of a Hashimotos flare-up, make an appointment with your doctor. You cant stand the cold. WebAre people with autoimmune thyroid disease, such as Hashimotos thyroiditis or Graves disease, at more risk for acquiring COVID-19 or having a more serious COVID-19 infection? When this happens, the body may produce an autoimmune response, attacking healthy cells in the body. In people with Hashimotos disease. Many people are never told they have Hashimotos, says Dr. Kellis. The addition of T3 can help patients who also have mood disorders like depression. What Blood Tests Can Help Diagnose Sjgrens Syndrome? WebZinc Zinc is an essential mineral that is important for overall health and well-being, and it has also been found to decrease antibody levels in those with autoimmune disorders like Hashimotos. People who do little or no physical activity are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19 than those who are physically active. Theres no cure for Nijmegen breakage syndrome, but its complications can be treated. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Because we are learning more about COVID-19 every day, this list, A person with a condition that is not listed may still be at greater risk of getting very sick from COVID-19 than other people who do not have the condition. IV methimazole has been given by adding 500mg of methimazole powder to 0.9% sodium chloride solution to a final volume of 50mL and administering the correct dose as a slow IV push over 2 minutes. The placement of a naso-gastric tube or a Dobhoff tube allows the same methimazole pill to be delivered to the gut (digestive system) in a patient who is unable to swallow. Check with your healthcare provider about safety precautions for office visits and ask about telemedicine or virtual healthcare appointment options. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) advises that people who are immunocompromised are at higher-risk of severe illness from COVID-19. I'm grateful that retailers, including my local grocers, are working to protect their most vulnerable customers. Since 2016, she's been documenting her experience living with the disease in her blog, Lights, Camera, Crohn's. Your email address will not be published. Inflammation and swelling of the thyroid causes stretching of the thyroid capsule, which leads to pain in the thyroid in the classic variant with mild thyroid hormone elevations. Do pre-existing thyroid conditions (i.e. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Natalie Hayden is an IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) patient advocate, who was diagnosed with Crohn's fifteen years ago, at age 21. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences estimates 24 million Americans have an autoimmune disease, but that number doesn't take into account those who are immunocompromised because of a genetic disorder, or as a result of medications, such as those taken after an organ transplant or to treat cancer. In Hashimoto's disease, immune-system cells lead to the death of the thyroid's hormone-producing cells. 6 Sore Throat Remedies That Actually Work. Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. However, in up to 50% of subacute thyroiditis cases, patients can show signs of overt thyrotoxicosis. Accessed Oct. 19, 2021. NIOSH training for nurses on shift work and long work hours. Dietary Supplements Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines. Accessed Sept. 28, 2021. privacy practices. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. So knowing whether or not you have Hashimotos may be a moot point unless youre a woman trying to conceive. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) advises that people who are immunocompromised are at higher-risk of severe illness from COVID-19. What will relieve stress for one person may not do the same for another, but there are many options to explore, including meditation, deep breathing, exercise, and hobbies. American Thyroid Association. They can be eaten in moderation. COVID-19 infection does cause thyroid dysfunction, but only in a minority of those infected. Healthcare professionals should see Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19for more detailed information. Iodine supplements are not advised. Oncotarget. (n.d.). Strategies for Supporting Your Body's Defenses. Your body must convert T4 to T3 (triodothyroinine) to maintain your metabolism, and regulate your body temperature, heart and other vital organs. The thyroid produces hormones that help regulate many functions in the body. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Accessed Sept. 28, 2021. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (lymphocytic thyroiditis). There are two types of thyroid dysfunction that seem to be clearly related to COVID-19 infection: hypothyroidism due to non-thyroidal illness syndrome and thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) due to subacute (viral) thyroiditis. Sometimes that process involves the thyroid gland and affects its ability to make hormones. Talk with your healthcare provider about wearing a mask in a medium COVID-19 Community Level and what additional precautions may be necessary in medium or high COVID-19 Community Levels. In addition, some herbs and supplements may interfere with the medical management of your condition as well as your thyroid function. Learn more about immunoglobulins including how they help your body fight infections and the tests doctors use to measure your immunoglobulin levels. other information we have about you. (2019). COVID-19 vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. These treatments are frequently being rescheduled during the current COVID-19 pandemic, causing worry about these delays for patients scheduled to receive RAI. From there, Jaimie moved to Johannesburg, where she reported for the Sunday Times of London, Newsweek and Independent News & Media the largest local newspaper group in the country. Eat plenty of fish that's rich in omega-3 fats such as mackerel, wild salmon, herring, tuna (including canned and pack in oil), and halibut. This past week, the co-operative grocery stores in my area announced their first hour of operation every day will be reserved for the elderly, pregnant women and "at-risk populations as defined by the CDC. Parker E, et al. (2022). Emergency departments, urgent care, clinics, and your healthcare provider have infection prevention plans to help protect you from getting COVID-19 if you need care. Graves disease is the most common kind of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. There are things you can do to help your immune system function at its best. Thyroid hormone treatment. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Can High Blood Pressure Make You Feel Tired? Thus, it would also be generally safe to delay biopsy of the nodule unless your clinician strongly advises that it be done urgently. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. In the case of an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks otherwise healthy tissues. In an email to HealthyWomen, Hayden gave me an example of the danger faced by immunocompromised people every day. Fill your plate at meals and snacks with fresh whole fruits and vegetables, including those that are being studied for their potential to directly augment the immune system, including garlic. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome presents as an acute hypothyroid state and subacute thyroiditis presents as an acute subclinical hyperthyroid state. Outdoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses: A systematic review. The study found that having hypothyroidism and being on thyroid hormone replacement did not change rates of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or mortality relative to those who did not have hypothyroidism. Barthel A, et al. Because some people are unable to convert T4 to T3, doctors may prescribe a combination of T4 and T3. Andrejko K, et al. She was also the founding editor of Africa Focus, a mining journal covering sub-Saharan Africa. Methimazole is an oral medication and stopping these medications can lead to worsening of hyperthyroidism. J Immunol Res. American Thyroid Association. Autoimmune Disorders Agranulocytosis is less common in patients who have been taking methimazole for a long time or when the dose of the medication is low (e.g. Hashimotos is an autoimmune condition that can strike at any age, but is most often diagnosed between ages 40 and 60, says endocrinologist Mary Vouyiouklis-Kellis, MD. This is especially important if you are older or have severe health conditions or more than one health condition, including those on this list. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). Do not delay getting care for your medical condition because of COVID-19. "When I think of myself getting COVID-19, I fear the worst. Autoimmune diseases like Sjgrens syndrome can be difficult to diagnose. As of January 26, 2023, EVUSHELDTM is not currently authorized for emergency use because it is unlikely to be active against the majority of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in the United States. Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. Of these disorders, Hashimotos thyroiditis is one of the most common, believed to be the leading cause of primary hypothyroidism in North America. Treatment can reduce your risk of hospitalization by more than 50% and also reduces the risk of death. After completing the primary vaccination series, some people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised should get an additional primary dose and a booster. What Is Werner Syndrome, and How Does It Cause Premature Aging? While it's unlikely that the immune system will take a hit after a single anxiety-provoking situation or event, scientists looking at the relationship between stress and immunity note that chronic stress may take a toll on the immune system over time. People can be immunocompromised either due to a medical condition or from receipt of immunosuppressive medications or treatments. Yan F and Polk DB. To help protect immunocompromised people, its important to be mindful of how your decisions can affect others. Frequently Asked Questions Read patient blogs about Hashimotos thyroiditis, and youll find it portrayed as a frightening disease. https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-function-tests/. She began her career in Washington, DC, in the press office of the Clinton/Gore Presidential Transition and then went on to the DC bureau of the Sunday Times of London. However, unlike many other types of cancer, the majority of thyroid cancer patients are not receiving chemotherapy or other treatment that would deplete the immune system and cause them to be immunocompromised. You may need to take thyroid supplements, even if your TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels are normal.. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. Some common thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism, and Graves'disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism, are autoimmune diseases. American Thyroid Association. Dietary factors can affect your immune system. But your doctor must check blood levels periodically to make sure thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels stay within mid-normal range (the goal: < 2.5). 2018;9:2187. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02187. This includes many. There is no cure. Policy. They should avoid contact with people who have an illness such as the flu or coronavirus. Compound in broccoli has immune boosting properties, finds new study. Most thyroid nodules are benign (not cancerous), but some nodules of a certain size that also have suspicious features on ultrasound may be advised to undergo a biopsy. Are people with thyroid cancer at more risk from COVID-19 because they are immunocompromised? Levothyroxine is so safe that it can be taken during pregnancy. Does niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autoimmune/index.cfm, niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-diseases, thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-0804-2715, niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723551/, cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/immuno.html, academic.oup.com/cid/article/68/9/1482/5078600?login=true, hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/disorders-of-the-immune-system, sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420302695, cdc.gov/parasites/crypto/gen_info/infect_ic.html, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019735/, niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease, jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2572798, niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hashimotos-disease, cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/immunocompromised, immunology.org/policy-and-public-affairs/briefings-and-position-statements/immunodeficiency, cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes-type-1-diagnosis.html, frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00021/full, journals.lww.com/acgcr/Fulltext/2021/02000/Acute_Flare_of_Adult_Onset_Autoimmune_Enteropathy.5.aspx, academic.oup.com/cei/article/195/1/74/6403589, cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/types-of-masks.html, cdc.gov/fungal/infections/immune-system.html, cdc.gov/niosh/work-hour-training-for-nurses/longhours/mod2/05.html, hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/what-are-common-symptoms-of-autoimmune-disease, thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(21)00593-3/fulltext, cdc.gov/parasites/crypto/gen_info/prevention-general-public.html, cdc.gov/parasites/crypto/gen_info/prevent_ic.html, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352117/, aaaai.org/Tools-for-the-Public/Conditions-Library/Immuno-Deficiency/recurrent-infections-immunodeficiencies, cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/rheumatoid-arthritis.html, cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/hcp/recommendations.html, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590612/, link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-16996-1_6, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387807/, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joim.12395, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5291468/. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder. It is an autoimmune disease. Effects of acute and chronic exercise on immunological parameters in the elderly aged: can physical activity counteract the effects of aging?. They are. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. As long as youre being treated and followed by a doctor, and getting your blood levels checked, theres no reason to modify your diet, she says. Primary immunodeficiency Qiu F, et al. CDC completed a reviewfor eachmedical condition on this list. 2014 Feb;2(2):14. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.01.05. Age is also a factor: Those over the age of 65 have a weakened immune system, and those 80 and older are immunocompromised by definition. (2020). I'm glad the message is being heard. Treatments for many types of cancer can weaken your bodys ability to fight off disease. Let's discuss: Lymphocytopenia occurs when your lymphocyte count is lower than normal. But the thyroids relationship to your metabolism is complicated. Having neurological conditions, such as dementia, can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. Hashimotos most commonly affects older women, though it can strike either sex at any age. 15 mg in one study), but it can still occur. It is well-documented that COVID-19 can cause the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus it stands to reason that non-thyroidal illness syndrome can be caused by COVID-19 infection. So what exactly does it mean to be immunosuppressed and who falls in that category? Davies TF. The microbiome in autoimmune diseases. If youve never smoked, dont start. Products that contain immune-enhancing mushrooms, such as MGN3 and Grifron Maitake Caps or extract. Marshall GD. Antibodies produced by the immune system attack the thyroid gland, slowly destroying the cells that produce thyroid hormone. This year, January also happens to mark the one-year anniversary of COVID-19s emergence in China. Because agranulocytosis with fever can represent a serious infection, the possibility should not be ignored. Current evidence suggests that children with medical complexity, with genetic, neurologic, or metabolic conditions, or with congenital heart disease can be at increased risk for getting very sick from COVID-19. (2020). Is it safe to delay radioactive iodine treatment because of the current COVID-19 pandemic? information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Call your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your medical conditions or if you get sick and think that you may have COVID-19. Certain diseases such as AIDS, cancer, and hepatitis may cause you to become immunocompromised. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Management of an autoimmune thyroid condition takes the immune system into account. Cleveland Clinic 1995-2023. Signs and symptoms of primary immunodeficiency can include: Frequent and recurrent pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, ear infections, meningitis or skin infections Inflammation and infection of internal organs Blood disorders, such as low platelet count or anemia Digestive problems, such as cramping, loss of appetite, nausea and People who are immunosuppressed (or immunocompromised) have immune systems that are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, including COVID-19, the respiratory illness caused by coronavirus. If you used to smoke, dont start again. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. As a resource from Harvard Medical School explains: "It's especially complicated because there are so many different kinds of cells in the immune system that respond to so many different microbes in so many ways.". And while many people are doing so, many others aren't, including large groups of young people who are celebrating spring break on crowded beaches in Florida. Having hemoglobin blood disorders like sickle cell disease or thalassemia (inherited red blood cell disorders) can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. For example, having Hashimotos puts you at risk for other autoimmune conditions that contribute to fatigue, including: If fatigue persists, let your doctor know so they can help rule out other conditions that cause fatigue such as sleep apnea, which is often undiagnosed. Prevention & control general public. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. My husband has been going to the grocery store. Accessed Oct. 19, 2021. She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution.". Thyroid function tests. Exercise and Diet Risks Associated With Uncontrolled Thyroid. The American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association lists over 100 autoimmune diseases, including Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis. Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal genetic condition that can cause many outcomes such as short stature and a shortened life span. This is one of the more commonly asked questions from patients. Download, edit and save, and share your plan with your family, friends, and healthcare provider. Rarely, the disease can cause hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. Hypothyroidism you Challenges, progress, and prospects of developing therapies to treat autoimmune diseases. Last medically reviewed on July 26, 2022. "Current radiation treatment that is targeting particular parts of the body, including the spleen or large numbers of circulating blood cells and/or bone marrow, can also decrease the number of white blood cells affecting the body's ability to fight infection.". Accessed Oct. 19, 2021. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck just below the Adam's apple. Immunocompromised I'm staying on my biologic. Gombart A, et al. 2011;27(6):496-501. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834baa4d, Sellami M, Gasmi M, Denham J, et al. People with disabilities are more likely than those without disabilities to have, The conditions on this list are in alphabetical order. Hashimoto's disease, or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease that damages the thyroid gland. One example is called Primary immunodeficiency. Butler M, et al. Your health care provider will advise you when it is better to delay RAI treatment or when it is better to proceed with treatment despite the current pandemic. There are almost 100 recognized autoimmune disorders. Arreola R, Quintero-Fabian S, Lopez-Roa RI, et al. Being immunocompromised means that you have a weakened immune system that may have trouble protecting you from things like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Thyroid follicular cells express the ACE2 receptor, thus making thyroid tissue a possible target of direct infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Effectiveness of face mask or respirator use in indoor public settings for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have to build in some of the fun things in our lives, not just to coat our brains in serotonin but to decrease the stress associated with this time," advises Sheldon. If you currently smoke, quit. Getting plenty of exercise is essential to overall health and it may help immune system cells move through the body more efficiently. What causes the immune system to attack thyroid cells is not clear. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. According to Jenna Mammen, MD, PhD, an endocrinologist at Johns Hopkins University, there has been a lot of confusion, especially online, over Hashimotos in particular. Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down?. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. There is a problem with At this time, based on available studies, having a history of cancer may increase your risk.
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