Some topics were sent to the debaters several months before the competition, and the remainder of the topics were announced with one and a half hour's notice and prepared by the teams with no assistance from their coaches. Chief of Staff of the Soviet Navy, Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy, People's Commissar of the Navy during The Second World War, Chief of Staff of the Soviet Air Force, deputy commander of the Air Force, Commander of the Air Forces of the Soviet Union, Chief of General Staff and then Commander in Chief, Commander-in-chief of Australian Armed Forces and commander-in-chief of Allied Land Forces in the, Later Chief Justice of Australia. the German attack on Great Britain. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/dwight-d-eisenhower. Henry L. Stimson was Secretary of War from 1940 until 1945. Ikes military career kept the couple constantly on the move- in fact, they wouldnt even buy their first read more, 1. U.S. 1st Army reported to the 21st Army Group and was led by Omar Bradley. His warnings would go unheeded, however, amid the ongoing tensions of the Cold War era. He became the Supreme Allied Commander (SACEUR). Chiefs of Staff Committee included Alan Brooke of the British Army, Andrew Cunningham of the Royal Navy, and Charles Portal of the Royal Air Force. Given the command of. Gracey, Cheif of the Allied Control Commission in French Indochina, was present at the . Allied Commanders of World War II (Men-at-Arms) Paperback - January 25, 1990 by Anthony Kemp (Author), Angus McBride (Illustrator) 5 ratings See all formats and editions Paperback $19.00 33 Used from $4.03 7 New from $6.99 1 Collectible from $20.00 The Second World War, unlike the First, fostered the projection of 'characters'. Historical titles World War I. An unsuccessful German offensive of 1940 was the: What allied military actions began to take the punch out of Germany's power? At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, General Eisenhower was among those who opposed the use of the atomic bomb against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Match these leaders of World War II with their descriptions. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the President of the United States of America and commander in chief of the armed forces. Dwight D. Eisenhower was the supreme commander, Arthur Tedder was deputy commander, Walter Bedell Smith was chief of staff, and Frederick Morgan was deputy chief of staff. 1. Commander of tank armies in the German Army in World War II. In the White House from 1945 to 1953, Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to read more, Franklin D. Roosevelt was in his second term as governor of New York when he was elected as the nations 32nd president in 1932. To the distress of his mother, a devout Mennonite and pacifist, young Ike (as he was known) won an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, and graduated in the middle of his class in 1915. Became a diplomat, postings in Czechoslovakia, Netherlands and Japan. U.S History B, Assignment 3. [4] At that point, Montgomery ceased to command all land forces but continued as Commander in Chief of the British 21st Army Group (21 AG) on the eastern wing of the Normandy bridgehead. Major participant in. Leader of the Chinese nationalists. Fifteenth United States Army. He remedied this by making up his own title and by writing to Prime Minister Clemenceau to request it, which was immediately granted. In the conflict, General Eisenhower served not only as a 5 star general in the the United States Army, but also served as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. His brief return to civilian life ended in 1950, however, when President Harry S. Truman asked him to take command of the new North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces in Europe. the commander of the United States on the Pacific front during WWII. The position itself shares a common lineage with Supreme Allied Commander Europe and Atlantic, but they are . Soviet captivity until 1953. An aristocrat and senior commander in World War I. Leader of the Chinese red army. Committed suicide after being sentenced to death for war crimes. Sentenced to life, reduced to 25 years imprisonment in 1946. Chief of Staff in Bucharest Military between 1942 and 1944. Commanded the Romanian Cavalry Corps between 1941 and 1943. For the general concept of a supreme military commander, see, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 10:56, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, "75th anniversary of the end of WWII: Ashes to glory in the China-Burma-India Theatre", United States Army Center of Military History, Evolution of NATO's Command Structure 1951-2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Allied_Commander&oldid=1140908912, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 10:56. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the Supreme Allied Commander during World War II. Eisenhower did sign civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 providing federal protection for black voters; it was the first such legislation passed in the United States since Reconstruction. Commanded the Northern Group of Forces during the Soviet occupation of Poland and the beginning of the, Decisive role in the Battle for Moscow, led encirclement forces at Stalingrad, broke German counter-attack at Kursk, advanced into Poland and eventually linked up with the Americans at. This House would abolish all monarchies. Towards the end of the war, led a force of over 1.3 million troops (America's largest to serve under one man). He was. Relieved von Leeb as commander of the siege of Leningrad. Died in a road accident 4 months after the end of the war. This former infantry school instructor entered the war under Patton, later becoming his boss. Chief of Staff of the Soviet Army, Soviet Defence Minister. Gold Cross of Combat Merit First Class, the Cross of Merit in gold. Until the disbandment of the Warsaw Pact in 1991, both posts had always been held by a Marshal of the Soviet Union or Army General due to their expertise in commanding and coordinating forces of enormous sizes in the Soviet Armed Forces. ! Japan was really stuck up because it had never lost a battle before, resulting in America joining the war. In his farewell address of January 1961, Eisenhower spoke of the dangers inherent in what he called the military-industrial complex.. This House believes that nuclear energy is worth the risk. MacArthur. After proving himself on the battlefields of North Africa and Italy in 1942 and 1943, Eisenhower was appointed supreme commander of Operation Overlord-the Allied invasion of northwestern. After this failed, withdrew. Independent Company was wiped out on New Ireland, but on Timor, the 2/2nd Independent Company formed the heart of an Allied force that engaged Japanese forces in a guerrilla campaign. On the home front, where America was enjoying a period of relative prosperity, Eisenhower strengthened Social Security, created the massive new Interstate Highway System and maneuvered behind the scenes to discredit the rabid anti-Communist Senator Joseph McCarthy. Due to the combination of national defense needs with advances in technology, he warned, a partnership between the military establishment and big business threatened to exert an undue influence on the course of the American government. Defeated the Germans in North Africa. Was commander-in-chief of the Polish Army fighting alongside the Soviet Union. Successfully used the German tactic of armored. The Joint Staff Mission reported to the Chiefs of Staff Committee and maintained contact with the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The team from Manchester was assigned the following topics: State whether you think the ethos of individual debaters should determine the outcome of debates. Official cause of death by the State was succumbing to wounds from an Allied air attack. 5th Corps (Omaha Beach) and 7th Corps (Utah Beach) reported to the U.S. 1st Army. Led the triumphal entry into Rome. General Officer Commanding, 2nd Mountain Division, Commanded the 2nd Mountain Division between 1942 and 1944. Led the US attack on Tokyo - Doolittle (He was an American . As supreme commander of Allied forces in Western Europe during World War II, Dwight D. Eisenhower led the massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6, 1944). Released in 1953. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor that December, U.S. Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall called Eisenhower to Washington, D.C. to work as a planning officer. [1] Southwick House was used as an alternative headquarters near Portsmouth. President during the World War II - Truman (Since Roosevelt died after four terms in office, leaving Truman in charge) 6. The European Union has established a Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), which is due to gain more tasks and may rival SHAPE's dominance as the primary forum for multinational European missions. Lee. All Rights Reserved. She didnt want her boy mistakenly called David Eisenhower Jr. (his father, read more, As the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe and leader of the D-Day invasion, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower became legendary for his ability to get officers and armies from different nations to work together to defeat Nazi Germany. Helped in the capture of Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany. taking little action to aid Jews until World War II was nearly over The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. This video presents the military Commanders of Allied forces in World War II.Data:http. [1], General Officer Commanding-in-Chief South-Eastern Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eighth Army, Supreme Commander, Allied Ground Forces (Normandy), General Officer Commanding-in-Chief 21st Army Group, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Army of the Rhine and Military Governor of British Occupation Zone in Germany, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South-Eastern Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Middle East Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, 18th Army Group, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, 15th Army Group, Supreme Commander Allied Forces Headquarters, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, India Command, Supreme Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, High Commissioner for Palestine and Trans-Jordan, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Bomber Command, First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Combined Operations Headquarters, Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command, Commander-in-Chief, Battlecruiser Squadron, Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, Commander-in-Chief, Ground Forces in Western Europe, High Commissioner for France in North and West Africa, Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force, Military Governor of the U.S. Brought down to Saigon from the northern province of French Indochina, about 50 members of the Japanese Kempeitai (secret police) surrendered their swords. Combined Chiefs of Staff was a system of consultation that contained the Chiefs of Staff Committee who reported to Winston Churchill and the Joint Chiefs of Staff who reported to Franklin D. Roosevelt. Was briefly imprisoned, set free in 1948, died in 1972. Commander-in-Chief of French army during Battle of France, was replaced on 20 May 1940. Succeeded Mussolini and arranged an Armistice of his country with the Allies. Military commander and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of. Commander of, A World War I hero, he played a major role in mobilising and arming the British forces during the, Organised the Home Guard to protect against, Dismissed as head of fighter command in November 1940. Field Marshal Henry Maitland Wilson succeeded Eisenhower in the Mediterranean theatre, given the title Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean. General Dwight Eisenhower visited a concentration camp in Buchenwald, "Ohrdruf-Nord," on April 12, 1945. Eisenhower returned soon after Nazi Germanys invasion of Poland sparked the outbreak of World War II in Europe. Was among the generals who prepared the. Commander of many successful operations including the invasion of Poland, France and the Soviet Union. Marshal of Italy and high rank officer during North Africa Campaign. Admiral of the Fleet Lord Louis Mountbatten was Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia (SACSEA) throughout most of its existence. The longest and most severe economic downturn ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, the Great Depression began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. led the US bombing attack on Tokyo. The position itself shares a common lineage with Supreme Allied Commander Europe and Atlantic, but they are different titles. On July 8, 1945, two months after the surrender of Germany and the cessation of hostilities in the European theatre, U.S. Army Private Clarence Bertucci decided to execute the incarcerated prisoners of war in direct violation of international law. Fought on the side of the Republic of China in the civil war. Forced to surrender the Tobruk garrison to Axis forces, with over 30,000 British and Commonwealth troops being taken prisoner. Mao Tse-tung. Chief of the General Staff 19371940, 19411942. United States president 1. In 1952, leading Republicans convinced Eisenhower (then in command of NATO forces in Europe) to run for president; he won a convincing victory over Democrat Adlai Stevenson and would serve two terms in the White House (1953-1961). Commanded by Mark W. Clark to November 1944 and Lucian Truscott through the end of the war. Committed suicide shortly after the end of the war. Dwight D. Eisenhower was one of the most extraordinary minds in the Allied Forces throughout World War II. Occupation Zone in Germany, Commander-in-Chief, United States Third Fleet, Recipient of the Medal of Honor for saving hundreds of refugees during the United States occupation of Veracruz in April 1914 during the Mexican Revolution. It commanded all Allied airborne forces as an airborne army, as well as three army groups that controlled a total of eight field armies; SHAEF also controlled substantial naval forces during Operation Neptune, the assault phase of Overlord, and two tactical air forces: the US Ninth Air Force and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force. The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. In other cases, senior commanders were given the title Commander-in-Chief. Served under General. the Allied invasion of Germany. .., . During the Allied occupation of Japan following the war, MacArthur held the title of Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). These science quizzes will test your knowledge of everything in between. Sir Harold R. L. Alexander, British Commander in Chief in the Middle East, was to strike west from Egypt with the British Eighth Army under Lt. Gen. Bernard L. Montgomery, while a combined. Was convicted of war crimes in the Nuremberg Trials and executed by the Allies. Commanded the main part of the Warsaw Uprising. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF; / e f / SHAYF) was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces in northwest Europe, from late 1943 until the end of World War II.US General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the commander in SHAEF throughout its existence. This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 23:01. 6. commander of Allied forces in World War II 7. led the United States attack on Tokyo 8. Eisenhowers parents originally gave him the same first name as his fatherDavid. Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy 19431944. (d)(d)(d) heartily. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Played a decisive role at Kursk, outmanoeuvered German commander Manstein and later routed German forces in Korsun salient. Born to a farmer and a shoemaker in 1896, at the age of 19, he was conscripted into the military, serving in World War I and fighting for the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. [1] He was the one who accepted the German cessation of hostilities in his private train. With the country mired in the depths of the Great Depression, Roosevelt immediately acted to restore public confidence, proclaiming a bank holiday and read more, During World War II (1939-1945), the Battle of Normandy, which lasted from June 1944 to August 1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germanys control. Unlike policy debates in the United States, international debates focus more on the speakers' own knowledge than on documentation. Imprisoned after war, later released and served as senior advisor to the. While weathering criticism from both left and right, Eisenhower enjoyed high approval ratings throughout his administration. 30th Corps (Gold Beach) and 1st Corps (Juno and Sword Beaches) reported to the British 2nd Army. U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe reported to SHAEF and was led by Carl Spaatz. Commanded the, Commanded the Bucharest Military between 1941 and 1943. Under the slogan I Like Ike and with Senator Richard M. Nixon of California as his running mate, Eisenhower then defeated Adlai Stevenson to become the 34th president of the United States. Britain's Major General D.D. Played a decisive role in the Winter War and the invasion of Poland. Despite his promotion 19 days earlier, and the subsequent Beauvais Conference of 3 April 1918, he was not provided a title. Served an instrumental role in the fall of Benito Mussolini and the breakdown of the alliance between Italy and Germany. Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy 19441945, Chief of staff of the Navy 1945. [1], Deputy Commander-in-Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, Commander-in-Chief, United States Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, Commander of Air Operations, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, Deputy Commander of the United States Army Air Forces, Commander of Air Operations, European Theater, Commander, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe, Commander, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, Military Governor of Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany, Deputy People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union, Commander-in-Chief, Soviet Forces in the Far East, Commander, Central Front and 1st Belorussian Front, Commander, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in East Germany, People's Commissar of Defense of the Soviet Union, Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Military Forces, Commander of Allied Land Forces, South West Pacific Area, General Officer Commanding, 7th Military District, General Officer Commanding, Northern Territory Force, General Officer Commanding, New Guinea Force, Chief of Staff of the Royal Australian Air Force, General Officer Commanding, I Canadian Corps, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, First Canadian Army, General Officer Commanding, II Canadian Corps, General Officer Commanding, Canadian Corps, General Officer Commanding, 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, Inspector-General of the Royal Canadian Air Force, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RCAF Overseas, General Service Officer Grade 1, 2nd Infantry Division, General Officer Commanding, 2nd Infantry Brigade, General Officer Commanding, 6th Armoured Division, General Officer Commanding, South African Forces in Allied Central Mediterranean Force, General Officer Commanding, 1st Infantry Division, General Officer Commanding, 5th Infantry Brigade, General Officer Commanding, 2nd Infantry Division, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Inland Area Command. Operational commander at the pivotal Battles of Coral Sea and of Midway; nephew of Admiral Frank Friday Fletcher. An Eagle Scout from Tennessee assigned to pilot one of the greatest leaders of the Allied Forces. German dictator during World War II 10. created a plan of financial aid to countries 5-Truman 2-MacArthur 1-Churchill 8-Mussolini 3-Mao Zedong 9-Hitler 4-Chiang Kai-shek 7-Doolittle 10-Marshall 6-Eisenhower He worked largely on his memoirs and would publish several books over the following years. He maintained a liaison to SHAEF through Marie-Pierre Koenig of the Free French Forces in Britain. The attemt to take over Russia failed for Germany and Hitler later, committed suicide. But while he was organizing the trip, his London contacts kept suggesting that Manchester represent the United States in the World School Debating Championships. Deputy of the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and forged the direction of modern warfare. Chief of the OKW during World War II. As spiritual counsel to a dozen presidents, Graham was read more, On January 5, 1957, in response to the increasingly tense situation in the Middle East, President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) delivered a proposal to a joint session of the U.S. Congress calling for a new and more proactive American policy in the region. His position gave him responsibility for all British, French and American forces on both the Western and Italian. After leaving office in January 1961, he retired to his farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. (Eisenhower would beat Stevenson again four years later in a landslide to win reelection, despite health concerns after suffering a heart attack in 1955.). However, he was dismissed by Hitler after frequently clashing with him in 1944. On 14 April 1918, at his own request, Foch was appointed, "Commander in Chief of the Allied Armies". Charles de Gaulle was the President of the French Committee of National Liberation. the liberation of a concentration camp How did the U.S. government respond to Nazi persecution of the Jews during World War II? Are you ready to test your knowledge about all things science? The Pacific Ocean Areas (POA), divided into the Central Pacific Area, the North Pacific Area and the South Pacific Area,[4]:652653 were commanded by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief Pacific Ocean Areas. [clarification needed] His overall role, and the CBI command were then split among three people: Lt Gen. Raymond Wheeler became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia; Maj. Gen. Albert Wedemeyer became Chief of Staff to Chiang, and commander of US Forces, China Theater (USFCT). General Officer Commanding, 10th Roiori Cavalry Regiment, Commanded the 10th Cavalry Regiment between 1941 and 1942. Appointed head of the Soviet forces in the. Bagramyan's experience in military planning as a chief of staff allowed him to distinguish himself as a capable commander in the early stages of the Soviet counter-offensives against Nazi Germany. Chairman of the Stavka (Soviet High Command). Commander-in-Chief of Kriegsmarine 19431945. Eisenhower then served as Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force (SCAEF) in the European theatre, starting in December 1943 with the creation of the command to execute Operation Overlord and ending in July 1945 shortly after the End of World War II in Europe. After the surrender of Germany, SHAEF was dissolved on 14 July 1945. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Both Supreme Commanders have, until 2009, been American, with a deputy commander from another NATO member, though only British and Germans have held the post. Deputy Chief of Staff of the Royal Italian Army, Removed from service by Badoglio in 1943 under Allies' request. Two last-minute problems in the American attack on Tokyo included: lack of nighttime hours and not enough gas. The Italian front is considered a separate but related theater. The US 12th Army Group (12 AG) commanded by Lieutenant General Omar Bradley was created as the western wing of the bridgehead. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the battle began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, when some read more, Mamie Eisenhower (1896-1979) was an American first lady (1953-61) and the wife of famed U.S. Army commander and 34th president of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower. Resolved: that this House would close down Hollywood. As a moderate Republican, Eisenhower was able to achieve numerous legislative victories despite a Democratic majority in Congress during six of his eight years in office. Replaced Toyoda in 1945 to become commander-in-chief of the. Sturdee served as the Chief of General Staff and commanded the First Australian Army (1939-1945). [6] USFET was reorganized as EUCOM (European Command, not to be confused with the present-day United States European Command) on 15 March 1947. The dispute over slavery had divided Americans since the founding of the United States. Eisenhower was the Commander-in-Chief, Allied Force for the Mediterranean theatre. Was commander-in-chief of Poland during its invasion by German and Russian troops. Mussolini the commander of Allied Forces on the European front during World War II Eisenhower British prime minister during World War II Churchill the commander of the United States on the Pacific front during World War II MacArthur A capable commander in the early stages of World War II. Officer Commanding the South African Army College from 1944 to 1945, before being appointed in command of Northern Command in 1945. It originated as a term used by the Allies during World War I, and is currently used only within NATO for Supreme Allied Commander Europe and Supreme Allied Commander Transformation. ETOUSA (European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army) reported to SHAEF and was led by J.C.H. For the following item, cross out any word that has an error in capitalization and correctly write the word above it. Became the Minister of National Defence of the Republic of China. German war criminals were tried at Nuremberg, France. Download this stock image: A Japanese commander bows low as he surrenders his sword in Saigon, South Vietnam, Dec. 13, 1945. His death could be compatible with, Known for his neofascist activism in post-war Italy and for the, Served as the Chief of Staff of the Italian Air Force from 1939 to 1941. Involved in nearly every major battle on the Eastern Front. Who led the 1942 United States bombing attack on Tokyo during World War II? What he witnessed was horrible. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Are you ready to test your knowledge about language? General of the United States' Army Dwight D. Eisenhower served in successive Supreme Allied Commander roles. In 1992 Tim Averill planned to take his championship high school debate team from Manchester, Massachusetts, to London to celebrate the team's twentieth anniversary. He also authorized the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to undertake covert operations against communism around the world, two of which toppled the governments of Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954. After the defeat at Kursk, he successfully handled his army group retreat. Organized pre-war buildup of the. Died in 1980, Prime minister of Japan and President of the. Became the Minister of Navy of the Republic of China, the Vice Governor of Fujian Province of the People's Republic of China. One of the pioneers of US military aviation, Spaatz advocated the use of scientific analysis to bombing raids, and made effective use of long range fighters, tactics which helped the Allies achieve air superiority over Europe. [3] However, he preferred to use the title Commander-in-Chief. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Spent 10 years in prison. [citation needed]. Dwight D. Eisenhower, in full Dwight David Eisenhower (see Researcher's Note), (born October 14, 1890, Denison, Texas, U.S.died March 28, 1969, Washington, D.C.), 34th president of the United States (1953-61), who had been supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II. INDUCED: He was the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the events leading up to and during the D-Day invasion, and he designed Operation Overlord. As supreme commander of Allied forces in Western Europe during World War II, Dwight D. Eisenhower led the massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6, 1944).
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