how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

235236. Although writers use plenty of other options, Im teaching the counterclaim and refutation in the final body paragraph. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. The reason "capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison" answers "why" capital punishment should be banned. III, p. 420. The 4 parts of an argumentative essay are the claim, counterclaim, reasoning, and evidence. It means light and liberty. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. The grave danger was that reunion and peace would be purchased at the cost of obscuring the moral principles that remained in contest. 7282. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. The charge of a pro-slavery Constitution was a slander upon [the] memory of the Framers, he contended; interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a glorious liberty document. Consider the constitution according to its plain reading, Douglass continued, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. With due respect to King and to other stalwarts of the 20th-century movement, I submit that in the search for the most thoughtful proponents of the pro-integration, pro-America argument, there is no worthier object of our attention than the life and thought of the greatest of their 19th-century predecessors, the renowned abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. A character which might pass without censure as a slave cannot so pass as a freeman. They that can, may; I cannot. The prostrate form, the uncovered head, the cringing attitude, the bated breath, the suppliant, outstretched hand of beggary does not become an American freeman, and does not become us as a class, and we will not consent to be any longer represented in that position. succeed. (a) What main claim shapes Douglass's speech? The central or overall claim of an argumentative essay is also known as the thesis. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - medialist.cz parentheses that agrees with the subject. -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. V, pp. Again in contrast to more radical critics in his day and our own, Douglass insisted that these persisting abuses by the class of former slaveholders constituted clear violations, not legitimate applications and not refutations, of the natural right of property. Finally, in the introduction is the thesis (claim). Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. The hook should be on-topic and supportive of the author's argument. Slavery was an embarrassing time in Americas history. Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: comcast central division leadership Post comments: semi pro football tulsa semi pro football tulsa Body--The body of a five-paragraph essay is three paragraphs. Evidence provides factual proof for the reasons in an argument and can consist of facts, data, statistics, published study results, and quoted experts. To the enslaved and battered millions [who] have come, suffered, died, and gone, he observed, no recompense can be made. The same was true for those millions living descendents: If the American people could put a school house in every valley; a church on every hill top in the South and supply them with a teacher and a preacher respectively and welcome the descendents of the former slaves to all the moral and intellectual benefits of the one and the other, without money and without price, such a sacrifice would not compensate their children for the terrible wrong done to their fathers and mothers, by their enslavement and enforced degradation.[52]. Latest answer posted September 30, 2016 at 3:50:30 PM. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. Of these four possibilities, he was especially fearful of the third in view of the terrible damage it would doboth directly to the character and morale of its primary victims and indirectly to the entire country. Douglass discovers that a slave was set free by persuading his master, and as a result, this information makes Douglass an avid learner. The conclusion of the essay is one paragraph and contains an overarching summary of the argument as well as any implications this argument may have moving forward. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. Whom was he trying to reach? In response, Garrison intensified his calls for the dissolution of the American Union, while influential black abolitionists urged blacks to surrender their hopes in America and emigrate. Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Enter code 3716 for 10% Discount on all ELA and Reading Intervention Programs. [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. Do nothing with us! Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. The first of those, described above, was the most flagrantly pro-slavery legislation in U.S. history. Reasoning is the author's logic used to support and prove their claims. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. In this respect, what is notable in Douglasss advocacy of education reforms is that whereas he justified them primarily as the payment of a debt due specifically to those formerly enslaved and their relationsspecifically to black Americanshe proposed the payment of that debt by a policy framed in nonracial terms, designed to benefit Americans irrespective of race. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. Douglass rejected the various white disintegrationists for obvious reasons, and he rejected the black variants too. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Counterclaim - Argumentative Essay - Kennett Middle School Library It contains a hook or way of gathering the audience's attention. For Douglasss ultimately irrepressible faith in America was not at all a natural inheritance or an easy acquisition. Frederick Douglass In an essay or speech that presents an argument, the author often addresses counterclaims, or arguments made by opponents. He point-by-point counters a Southern narrative that argued that slavery benefitted black people. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. Roy P. Basler (Cambridge, Mass. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. This meant first the reintegration of a country still badly divided by sectionalism in the immediate aftermath of the war. His embrace of the arguments of the rival political abolitionist school freed him to involve himself in politics, and his increasing political activism through the 1850s and into the Civil War years eventually brought him face to face with President Abraham Lincolnfirst in the role of harshly critical petitioner and later, after the Emancipation Proclamation and the deepening of their acquaintance, as Lincolns valued adviser and friend. There he worked proudly as a day laborer and refined his oratorical powers, both as a lay preacher in New Bedfords African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and as a participant in the meetings of local black abolitionists. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. [15] Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? This is called the counterclaim. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. Evidence tells your reader how your claim is proved. Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. A claim is an argument in statement form. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. Argumentative Writing - ELA.8.C.1.3: Write to argue a position, supporting at least one claim and rebutting at least one counterclaim with logical reasoning, credible evidence from sources . https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Create Decodable Text with Artificial Intelligence, FREE Diagnostic Reading and ELA Assessments. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. "Florida has estimated that the true cost of each execution is approximately $3.2 million, or approximately six times what it would cost to keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). Worst of all was Dred Scott, in which the nations highest court endorsed the pro-slavery, white-supremacist reading propagated by both the Constitutions Garrisonian enemies and slaverys most determined defenders. To many, the U.S. war with Mexico in 1846 signified an imperialist effort to expand the number and power of slaveholding states at the national level, and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, Douglass would call it[12]effectively nationalized slavery, conscripting non-slaveholding states and citizens in the recapture of persons fleeing for freedom. Thousands of black Americans did just that. Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. I know of no country where the conditions for affecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity, are more favorable than here in these United States. (make). Two key components of an argumentative essay are the reasons and evidence. The position of Douglass and constitutional radicals, by contrast, was that the Constitution was in the strict sense abolitionist. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From - Answers In a widely publicized speech commemorating the Constitutions bicentennial, Marshall asserted that in its infamously pro-slavery ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court merely reaffirmed the prevailing opinion of the Framers regarding the rights of Negroes in America. He claimed that Chief Justice Roger Taney, writing for the Court in that case, had accurately described the Founders views when he alleged that in the Founders day, black Americans, had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white raceand so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. Once again, that hopefulness was grounded primarily in his appreciation of the unique virtue of Americas beginning; first things are always interesting, he liked to say,[10] and most of all in the case of a new nation dedicated to universal principles of justice. For the audience? V, pp. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? The voting right was, for Douglass, the keystone of the arch of human liberty, as it was the primary, indispensable means of guarding every other right. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - indbras.com.br What Are the Parts of an Argumentative Essay? - Study.com how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - tiebe.gay Second, any truly salutary public assistance must also be integrative, not divisive, in its design and effects. For example, this argument misses the key point that. A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. In addition to using Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, writing teachers may also be interested in these related articles:Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?,Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim, andWhat is the Essay Counterclaim? In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. work!! His new duties in that office compelled him, as he later wrote, to re-think the whole subject, and to study, with some care, not only the just and proper rules of legal interpretation, but the origin, design, nature, rights, powers, and duties of civil government.[13] This rethinking, he reported, brought about a radical change in my opinions.[14] At the center of that change was a radical reappraisal of the American Founding. He states This battle with Mr. . Drawing upon that faith, he taught black Americans and all other Americans to stand up for justice and to strive for excellence. What kind of "essay and delightful" speech does Douglas wish he could present? : Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), chapter 1. So far as it filled the country with a deeper abhorrence of slavery and a deeper love for the great liberator, the murder of Lincoln, he hoped, would arouse in the war-weary nation the spirit to continue and complete Lincolns workand Douglasss ownin the postwar years.[29]. Second, it indicates Douglasss reluctance to support more radical measures such as the plan for confiscation proposed in 1867 by Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives. In the book called The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, he attempts to shine light on the American Slave system in the 1800s. When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. [35] Douglass, The Future of the Negro People of the Slave States, in Life and Writings, Vol. In our example, you would need to give or cite some concrete evidence like, 'According to research, students with Internet access on their phones are more likely to make the Honor Roll.' This technique helps to make the argument more effective by strengthening the claim being made. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM. Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. All of the violence and the degradation was intended, Douglass makes clear, to rob African-Americans of their humanity. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. Introduction (1 paragraph that contains the claim), Body Paragraphs (3 paragraphs that contain the reasons, evidence, and counterclaims), Conclusion (sums up the entire argument and provides a look to the future), Describe the four main parts of an argument, Explain why it is important to develop each of these parts in an argument.